International Divorce and Child Custody Issues in South Florida
South Florida—a vibrant, diverse region with deep international ties—is often home to families where one or both spouses have significant connections to another country. When these marriages dissolve, the resulting divorce and child custody proceedings become exponentially more complex, moving far beyond the scope of simple domestic family law.
An international divorce involves intricate jurisdictional battles, cross-border asset tracing, and, most critically, ensuring the safety and stability of children under differing legal systems. The moment a divorce involves a foreign country, whether through citizenship, residence, or property ownership, parents in the Greater Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and West Palm Beach areas face a unique set of challenges that can only be navigated with specialized legal expertise.
At Hamil Scott Law Firm, we understand the unique pressures of cross-border legal disputes. Nicole Hamil-Scott, Founding and Managing Attorney at the Hamil Scott Law Firm, is One of Florida's Elite Divorce, Family, Criminal Defense and U.S. Immigration Lawyers. She Not Only Works For You...She Works With You. Our integrated understanding of both U.S. family law and immigration law is essential for successfully resolving these high-stakes, international cases.
Jurisdictional Hurdles in International Divorce
The first and most critical question in any international divorce is: Which country has the legal authority (jurisdiction) to dissolve the marriage and divide assets?
Establishing Florida Residency for Divorce
For a Florida court to legally dissolve a marriage, at least one spouse must have resided in the state for a minimum of six months immediately prior to filing the Petition for Dissolution of Marriage (Florida Statute $\S 61.021$).
- Subject Matter Jurisdiction: If the residency requirement is met, the Florida court generally has subject matter jurisdiction to dissolve the marriage.
- Personal Jurisdiction: The court must also have personal jurisdiction over the defendant spouse to issue orders that bind them, such as requiring them to pay alimony or transfer foreign assets. If the other spouse lives abroad, serving them with legal documents must comply with strict international rules and treaties (like the Hague Service Convention), which can add significant time and complexity to the case.
The Principle of Comity and Foreign Judgments
If a divorce is already pending in a foreign country, or if one spouse obtains a final judgment of divorce abroad, Florida courts must determine whether to recognize that judgment. This decision is based on the principle of comity, meaning the court will recognize the foreign judgment if:
- The foreign court had proper jurisdiction over the parties.
- The proceedings followed basic due process standards.
- The order is not contrary to Florida's public policy.
A skilled international family law attorney must act quickly and strategically to ensure your case is heard in the most favorable jurisdiction—often Florida—before a foreign court can seize control.
Protecting Children: International Child Custody
When children are involved, international divorce becomes exponentially more complex, centering around the concepts of jurisdiction and parental abduction.
The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA)
Florida, like most U.S. states, uses the UCCJEA to determine which jurisdiction has the authority to make initial child custody decisions. This typically gives priority to the child's "home state," defined as the state where the child has lived with a parent for at least six consecutive months immediately before the commencement of the custody proceeding.
- International Application: The UCCJEA extends its jurisdiction rules to international cases, meaning a foreign country's custody determination must be recognized by Florida if that country satisfied the home state requirements.
- Emergency Jurisdiction: Florida courts can assume temporary emergency jurisdiction if the child is present in Florida and has been abandoned or requires protection from abuse or mistreatment.
The Threat of International Parental Child Abduction
The most devastating complication in international custody is the risk of one parent wrongfully removing the child from their habitual residence to another country or wrongfully retaining them abroad beyond an agreed-upon visitation period.
- The Hague Convention: The primary international legal tool for addressing this is the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (1980). This treaty, ratified by over 100 countries including the United States, is designed to secure the prompt return of children wrongfully removed or retained across international borders.
- Focus on Jurisdiction: The Hague Convention is not about determining which parent is better; it is solely about deciding which country has the jurisdiction to resolve the custody dispute. If a child is wrongfully removed from their habitual residence (e.g., South Florida) to a Hague signatory country, a parent can file a Hague petition to compel the child's return so the custody case can proceed in the proper jurisdiction (Florida).
- Immediate Action is Critical: Delays in filing a Hague petition—especially those exceeding one year—can significantly weaken the case, as the child may be deemed to have established a new "habitual residence."
Safeguards Against Abduction
An experienced attorney will proactively implement court orders designed to prevent international abduction, which may include:
- Passport Restrictions: Requiring the child's passports to be held by the court or a third party, and prohibiting the issuance of new passports without a court order.
- Financial Bonds: Requiring the traveling parent to post a financial bond that would be forfeited if the child is not returned as scheduled.
- Detailed Travel Plans: Requiring exhaustive details about travel itineraries, addresses, and contact information for any international trip.
Cross-Border Financial Complications
International divorces also present unique financial challenges, particularly regarding asset division and support enforcement.
Dividing International Assets
Florida is an equitable distribution state, meaning marital assets must be divided fairly, though not necessarily equally. This becomes difficult when assets—such as real estate, business interests, or bank accounts—are held abroad.
- Asset Tracing and Valuation: It can be challenging to identify and accurately value foreign assets, especially if a spouse attempts to hide them. Expert witnesses, such as forensic accountants and international property appraisers, are often necessary.
- Enforcement Issues: While a Florida court can order a spouse to transfer a foreign asset, the court has no direct power within a foreign country. Enforcement often requires filing the Florida judgment in a foreign court (a process that relies on treaties and comity), which adds time and expense.
Enforcing Child Support and Alimony Orders
Enforcing support payments (alimony and child support) when the paying spouse resides abroad is another major hurdle. The U.S. has reciprocal agreements with various countries, and international treaties like the Hague Maintenance Convention provide legal avenues to seek enforcement of support orders across borders.
Expertise in a Globalized World
International divorce and custody cases are not for the inexperienced. They require a lawyer who is proficient not only in Florida Family Law but also in U.S. Immigration Law and the complex web of international treaties that govern jurisdiction, service, and child protection. The stakes are immense, impacting your assets, your freedom, and, most importantly, your parental relationship.
Nicole Hamil-Scott, Founding and Managing Attorney at the Hamil Scott Law Firm, is One of Florida's Elite Divorce, Family, Criminal Defense and U.S. Immigration Lawyers. She Not Only Works For You...She Works With You. We are prepared to bring our diverse expertise to bear on your case, whether you are seeking to file for divorce in Florida, defend against a claim filed abroad, or urgently seek the return of an abducted child.
Contact Hamil Scott Law Firm today to book a confidential consultation and secure expert legal guidance for your international family law matter.












